Algorithm: step-by-step method to solve a problem.

Pseudocode: a type of descriptive algorithm that is a mixture of everyday language and programming languages.

Assignment: used to store the value of an expression into a variable.

Sequence: a number of instructions processed one after the other.

1. What is the output of this algorithm?

BEGIN
  SET x = 1
  PRINT x
END

2. What is the output if i input "good" when asked?

BEGIN
  INPUT word1
  SET word2 = "thanks"
  SET word3 = word1 + word2
  OUTPUT word3
END

3. What might be the contents of password.txt after executing this program?

BEGIN
  CALCULATE password = READ first 3 letters FROM alphabet.txt
  WRITE "the password is" password TO password.txt
  DISPLAY "program finished."
END

Further reference material from the syllabus can be found here.